Friday, December 28, 2007

Wire Brakage Monitoring


FORTH ROAD Bridge bosses have no idea just how many of the steel wires that make up the main support cables have snapped, The Courier can reveal.
Although engineers fitted a special listening device last year to detect breakages, they have no way of knowing how many failed before the system was installed.
However, officials at the Forth Estuary Transport Authority insisted at the weekend the bridge is still safe to use.
At least 103 of the 23,236 five millimetre thick steel strands stretched between North and South Queensferry are known to have snapped. More may have failed and engineers are planning to open up the cables next month to carry out further safety checks.
Coming just days after the Scottish Government confirmed a new bridge will be built at Queensferry, the need for another crossing becomes only too clear. The new bridge will be built just to the west of the Forth Road Bridge and is scheduled to open by 2016.
The problem with the cables first became apparent in 2004 when the protective seals were broken for the first time since the bridge was built. Twenty-two broken wires were found at one point, as well as evidence of corrosion in many of the others. A much fuller survey was carried out the following year, which led to the discovery of 64 more breakages at other points.
FETA installed a high-tech acoustic monitoring system in August of last year.
It began listening to what was going on inside each of the giant cables and recorded the noise of more cables breaking. The system is so sensitive it can pinpoint exactly where the breaks occurred. Seventeen further steel strands have snapped since it was installed.
Engineers estimate the bridge has lost between eight and 10% of its strength.
Barry Colford, deputy bridgemaster, said the results of the acoustic monitoring to date have been in line with expectations and that the bridge is perfectly safe to use.In an attempt to slow down or halt the corrosion problem FETA is installing a dehumidification system to dry out the inside of the cables.
When asked what percentage of cables had now snapped, a spokesman for the authority said, “We can’t give you a total number because acoustic monitoring only detects new breaks, it can’t tell us how many wires had broken before the system was installed.”


By Lars Niven, The Courier

Pipeline explosion

IGBAGBON, Nigeria (AP) — A ruptured gasoline pipeline exploded in flames, killing at least 34 people near Nigeria's main city of Lagos as they tried to scoop fuel from the gushing leak, police said Wednesday. A witness said he saw 40 bodies.
The government blamed criminal gangs breaking into pipelines.
The explosion, on a line that carries imported gasoline from the Lagos port to inland depots, occurred Tuesday morning at Igbagbon, a village near Lagos. It was a stretch of pipeline in remote swamp waters, and news of the fire only filtered out Wednesday morning.
A charred swathe of bush littered with hundreds of burned and unburned jerry cans and buckets was all that remained of the disaster site on Wednesday after firefighters put out the blaze and engineers clamped the rupture.
Lagos police spokesman Frank Mbah told reporters officers counted 34 bodies at the scene.

Source: Associated Press

Thursday, December 20, 2007

Pipeline Monitoring in San Diego

The Board of Directors of the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) this week approved the award of a contract of up to USD 2,350,000. The contract includes the supply and installation of fibre-optic monitoring equipment to monitor 19 miles of prestressed concrete pipeline, and two years' monitoring and technical support service. Installation of the system will occur in February and November of 2008.
The monitoring is part of SDCWA's multi-year Aqueduct Protection Program, designed to assure the continuing integrity of the agency's network of large-diameter prestressed concrete transmission mains.

Full Story

Wednesday, December 19, 2007

Wisconsin to Monitor Truss Bridge Safety

Associated Construction Publications reports:

Immediately following the fatal I-35W collapse in Minneapolis, and with concern growing nationwide about the safety of older bridges and other infrastructure, Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle ordered the Department of Transportation (WisDOT) to inspect and continuously monitor the structural health of the state's 14 steel deck truss bridges.
Wisconsin's truss bridges range in age from 50 to 82 years, and are scattered throughout the state.
Beginning October 22, CTLGroup will install strain gages on critical structural members of each bridge and, in collaboration with the three prime consultants, perform diagnostic load tests to establish benchmark information. The gages will be connected to automatic data collection equipment that will then regularly transmit information on the bridges' structural behavior. The data will be uploaded to a central location, and degradation trends will be evaluated by the University of Wisconsin and Marquette University Schools of Engineering, in collaboration with the DOT.
The instrumentation and load testing, which is expected to be completed in two to three weeks, will provide WisDOT with a valuable tool to help maintain the bridges properly and ensure public safety.
Full report

Killed by a bridge? Unlikely!

Here is a list of major bridge accidents in 2007:
  • A bridge being built across Vietnam's Hau river collapses on September 26, killing 54 people and leaving dozens injured.
  • In July, 13 motorists die when a major road bridge falls into the Mississippi River in the US state of Minnesota
  • In August at least 64 workers die when a river bridge in central China collapses as they are completing its construction.

Although any accident should be avoided, the life toll of these accidents is extremely small when compared to natural accidents (hurricane, earthquake, flooding) or other road accidents.

The main reason for Structural Health Monitoring therefore remains the efficient and effective maintenance of structures. The increased safety of an SHM system is certainly a welcome added bonus.

Book Announcement

A new book entitled "Structural Health Monitoring Systems", a joint project between Jacob Egede Andersen (COWI) and Mario Fustinino (Futurtec), has now been published.

A sample of the book and it's table of content can be fond here. The authors also have set up a website: http://www.shms.dk/

Bridge Safety News Report


An interesting article about bridge safety and conditions in Minnesota was published by http://www.twincities.com/ under the title "Minnesota's eyes are on I-35W bridge, but look again
Across state, lesser-known spans deteriorate, wait for replacement
" By Jason Hoppin.


A few interesting quotes:

"When the 2008 legislative session convenes, lawmakers are expected to debate funding for the I-35W rebuild and the timeline for finishing the Wakota Bridge between South St. Paul and Newport. But how legislators address these lesser-known bridges is likely to say much more about how serious the Capitol is about fixing Minnesota's ailing infrastructure. "


"With over 200 bridges, even if they have a 50-year life, we need to replace four or five a year," Forsberg said. "We clearly are not meeting our needs."


"Sufficiency ratings are based on a complicated formula to determine a bridge's relative worth as a piece of infrastructure. Structures are ranked on a scale of 0-100. The breakdown of the factors used in computing the ratings:
-- 55 percent: bridge condition
-- 30 percent: serviceability and obsolescence
-- 15 percent: essentiality to the public "


Unfortunately bridge condition, the most important parameter, is only evaluated by visual inspection and in some cases through an engineering analysis on paper. Real and quantitative data from the bridge would obviously improve re reliability of the rating and in many cases improve it.

Friday, December 14, 2007

ISHMII News

PRof. Aftab Mufti, president of ISHMII has reported on the main news concrning ISHMII and the SHMII-3 conference:

We have elected three members to the council , The Council members elected were Dr. Fritz Brunner, Dr. Alessandro De Stefano, and Dr. You Lin Xu. Also, ISHMII membership confirmed the new council. A list of the council members names is attached.

The council elected two new Vice Presidents. The Vice-Presidents elected were Dr. Farhad Ansari and Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Habel. The ISHMII Council also confirmed the new executive committee. The list of the present executive committee members is attached. Please note that Dr. Farhad Ansari has agreed to be the secretary of the ISHMII Executive Committee. I am very thankful to him for accepting this responsibility.

I am pleased to report that over 250 participants representing 22 countries attended the Third International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-3), November 13-16, 2007, Vancouver, Canada. An excellent technical program was planned, as well as an entertaining social agenda. Highlights of the conference was a workshop on Civil Engineering Education Reform and a plenary session on the U.S. Federal Highways Administration Long Term Bridge Performance Program. A short course took place on Implementing Structural Monitoring in Bridge Management and Maintenance Practices, for which over 30 participants attended.

Prof. Urs Meier will chair the organizing committee for the Fourth International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, to take place in Zurich, Switzerland in November 2009.

Prof. Alessandro De Stefano is organizing an ISHMII workshop on weigh in motion to take place in Sicily, Italy in September 2008. This will be the second in a series of workshops which are planned to take place every second year, commencing with the workshop on Civil Structural Health Monitoring which took place in Hawaii in 2004. The objective of these workshops is to focus on specific issues of current interest. Approximately 40 to 60 targeted participants will be invited to participate.

Dr. Baidar Bakht reported that 12 papers had been selected as finalists for the JMBT Structures Research Inc. Best Paper Award at SHMII-3. Awards Committee members judged the paper presentations throughout the conference and the winner were announced at the banquet on Friday evening. Two prizes of $500 US each were awarded for the following papers:

a) Best Paper in SHM Applications to Daniele Inaudi and Branko Glisic for their paper on “Distributed Fibre-Optic Sensing for Long-Range Monitoring of Pipelines”

b) Best Paper in SHM Research to Shuji Umemoto, Noriyuki Miyamoto, Takuji Okamoto, Takefumi Hara, Keita Kubota, and Yozo Fujino for their paper on “Verification of a High-Accuracy and Noncontact Measurement System FSF Laser Optical Coordinates”

It was decided that the Advisory Committee would be dissolved, which would allow the Executive Committee to play a stronger role in the organization.

The Standing Committees and Task Groups of the Society were confirmed as follows:

Standing Committees:
· Technology Transfer, Education and Training – Chair: Prof. Tripp Shenton
· SHM Applications – Chair: Dr. Paul Sumitro

Task Groups:
· Non-Destructive Testing - Chair: Dr. Sreenivas Alampalli
· Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshops - Chair: Dr. Farhad Ansari
· Data Mining - Chair: Dr. Dean McNeill
· Vibration Based Monitoring - Chair: Prof. James Brownjohn
· Global Reform of Civil Engineering Education - Chair: Dr. Emin Aktan
· SHM Systems for Civil Infrastructure Safety - Chair: Prof. Yozo Fujino
· Strategic Roadmap for the Advancement of SHM - Chair: Dr. Steven Chase

Criteria for the establishment of awards for Best SHM Project, Best Ph.D. Thesis and Best Paper Published in “The Monitor” are currently being developed.

The next issue of “The Monitor” newsletter will be published in January 2008 and will include two peer reviewed articles and highlights of the SHMII-3 conference.

Friday, December 7, 2007

Dynamic Bridge testing for high speed line


An interesting test was recently conducted on a Rail viaduct over the Sesia river in Italy.

The aim of the monitoring was to study the constructive typologies and their details subject to fatigue loading. For this application 8 SOFO sensors with a length of 1 meters were installed to monitor the dynamic response of the bridge when a high speed train across the viaduct.

Data was acquired at 1KHz rate during the passing of several trains at high speeds.

Thanks to the use of the SOFO Dynamic data acquisition system, it is possible to record high-speed events with a strain resolution down to 0.01 microstrain.

The test was performed under the guidance of Prof. DeRoek from the University of Leuven in Belgium, in the framework of a European project on steel structures.

Thursday, December 6, 2007

POLYTECT - Polyfunctional Technical Textiles against Natural Hazards


Textile structures are extensively used in construction in forms of geotextiles for the reinforcement of earthworks and drainage. The retrofitting of existing masonry walls and soil structures gains more and more importance especially in connection with earthquake protection of historic buildings and protection of roads and railroads embankments against landslides.
Hence the necessity arises to develop efficient methods for the retrofitting of existing masonry buildings and earthworks and of related monitoring systems to possibly alert/prevent the structural damage, for the planning of the maintenance works, for the evaluation of the structural integrity. More recently composites reinforced with technical textiles have been used for the retrofitting and reinforcement of constructions, in particular for the seismic reinforcement. The possibility to perform additional and different functions at the same time would further stimulate the adoption of such techniques.
Therefore the broader aim of POLYTECT is the development of new multifunctional textile structures for application in construction for the retrofitting of masonry structures and earthworks.
This project is partially funded by European Community under the "Integrated Research project for SME" programme.

Tuesday, December 4, 2007

IN SITU MONITORING OF MONUMENTAL SURFACES

CNR - ICVBC, Florence, Italy organizes an International Workshop on
IN SITU MONITORING OF MONUMENTAL SURFACES – SMW08

t will be held in Florence on 27-29 October 2008

The aim of the Workshop is to illustrate the ultimate state of the art of portable diagnostic technologies for monitoring cultural heritage and their general and specific uses. The Conference will provide a forum for scientists, technicians and experts in the field scheduled maintenance, in conjunction with representatives of SMEs producing and/or trading diagnostic portable devices.As the number of oral speakers is limited we highly suggest you to pre-register yourself and submit, as soon as possible, the Abstract Form to the Scientific Secretariat. Remember that deadline for the submission of the abstract is February 15th 2008.

Secretariat:
In situ Monitoring of Monumental Surfaces - SMW08
Istituto per la Conservazione e la Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali - CNR
Via Madonna del Piano, 10
50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Phone: +39 055 5225484
www.surfacemonitor.eu

Monday, December 3, 2007

Fiber Sensors used for Dynamic Pile testing

In a recent project carried out in the UK by ITM (Instrumentation, Testing & Monitoring) in cooperation with SMARTEC, a dynamic test on a pile was carried out.

Two concrete piles of 14m were tested, while instrumented with 4 SOFO sensors each.

SOFO Dynamic reading unit was used to perform both statnamic and dynamic tests. The aim of this project, was to validate the quality of SOFO Dynamic measurements for concrete pile monitoring. Tests on concrete pile are usually performed using traditional sensors such as accelerometer and theodolite to measure vertical displacements of the piles. The first aim of this project is to demonstrate that using optical fiber is a more suitable way to perform pile monitoring, by providing long-gauge readings all along the pile.
The results were very positive and will be published here in the future.

Geotechnical Instrumentation for Field Measurements


A short course on Geotechnical Instrumentation for Field Measurements will be held in Delft (Netherlands) on 15-17 January 2008.


Topics include:



  • overview of state-of-the-art and innovative instruments

  • up-to-date methods for automatic acquisition of data

  • aspect of tunnel and dam monitoring

  • high requirements for instrumentation offshore

  • systematic planning of risk-driven monitoring programs

  • geotechnical baseline reporting

  • workshop on planning a monitoring program.