Friday, December 28, 2007

Wire Brakage Monitoring


FORTH ROAD Bridge bosses have no idea just how many of the steel wires that make up the main support cables have snapped, The Courier can reveal.
Although engineers fitted a special listening device last year to detect breakages, they have no way of knowing how many failed before the system was installed.
However, officials at the Forth Estuary Transport Authority insisted at the weekend the bridge is still safe to use.
At least 103 of the 23,236 five millimetre thick steel strands stretched between North and South Queensferry are known to have snapped. More may have failed and engineers are planning to open up the cables next month to carry out further safety checks.
Coming just days after the Scottish Government confirmed a new bridge will be built at Queensferry, the need for another crossing becomes only too clear. The new bridge will be built just to the west of the Forth Road Bridge and is scheduled to open by 2016.
The problem with the cables first became apparent in 2004 when the protective seals were broken for the first time since the bridge was built. Twenty-two broken wires were found at one point, as well as evidence of corrosion in many of the others. A much fuller survey was carried out the following year, which led to the discovery of 64 more breakages at other points.
FETA installed a high-tech acoustic monitoring system in August of last year.
It began listening to what was going on inside each of the giant cables and recorded the noise of more cables breaking. The system is so sensitive it can pinpoint exactly where the breaks occurred. Seventeen further steel strands have snapped since it was installed.
Engineers estimate the bridge has lost between eight and 10% of its strength.
Barry Colford, deputy bridgemaster, said the results of the acoustic monitoring to date have been in line with expectations and that the bridge is perfectly safe to use.In an attempt to slow down or halt the corrosion problem FETA is installing a dehumidification system to dry out the inside of the cables.
When asked what percentage of cables had now snapped, a spokesman for the authority said, “We can’t give you a total number because acoustic monitoring only detects new breaks, it can’t tell us how many wires had broken before the system was installed.”


By Lars Niven, The Courier

Pipeline explosion

IGBAGBON, Nigeria (AP) — A ruptured gasoline pipeline exploded in flames, killing at least 34 people near Nigeria's main city of Lagos as they tried to scoop fuel from the gushing leak, police said Wednesday. A witness said he saw 40 bodies.
The government blamed criminal gangs breaking into pipelines.
The explosion, on a line that carries imported gasoline from the Lagos port to inland depots, occurred Tuesday morning at Igbagbon, a village near Lagos. It was a stretch of pipeline in remote swamp waters, and news of the fire only filtered out Wednesday morning.
A charred swathe of bush littered with hundreds of burned and unburned jerry cans and buckets was all that remained of the disaster site on Wednesday after firefighters put out the blaze and engineers clamped the rupture.
Lagos police spokesman Frank Mbah told reporters officers counted 34 bodies at the scene.

Source: Associated Press

Thursday, December 20, 2007

Pipeline Monitoring in San Diego

The Board of Directors of the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) this week approved the award of a contract of up to USD 2,350,000. The contract includes the supply and installation of fibre-optic monitoring equipment to monitor 19 miles of prestressed concrete pipeline, and two years' monitoring and technical support service. Installation of the system will occur in February and November of 2008.
The monitoring is part of SDCWA's multi-year Aqueduct Protection Program, designed to assure the continuing integrity of the agency's network of large-diameter prestressed concrete transmission mains.

Full Story

Wednesday, December 19, 2007

Wisconsin to Monitor Truss Bridge Safety

Associated Construction Publications reports:

Immediately following the fatal I-35W collapse in Minneapolis, and with concern growing nationwide about the safety of older bridges and other infrastructure, Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle ordered the Department of Transportation (WisDOT) to inspect and continuously monitor the structural health of the state's 14 steel deck truss bridges.
Wisconsin's truss bridges range in age from 50 to 82 years, and are scattered throughout the state.
Beginning October 22, CTLGroup will install strain gages on critical structural members of each bridge and, in collaboration with the three prime consultants, perform diagnostic load tests to establish benchmark information. The gages will be connected to automatic data collection equipment that will then regularly transmit information on the bridges' structural behavior. The data will be uploaded to a central location, and degradation trends will be evaluated by the University of Wisconsin and Marquette University Schools of Engineering, in collaboration with the DOT.
The instrumentation and load testing, which is expected to be completed in two to three weeks, will provide WisDOT with a valuable tool to help maintain the bridges properly and ensure public safety.
Full report

Killed by a bridge? Unlikely!

Here is a list of major bridge accidents in 2007:
  • A bridge being built across Vietnam's Hau river collapses on September 26, killing 54 people and leaving dozens injured.
  • In July, 13 motorists die when a major road bridge falls into the Mississippi River in the US state of Minnesota
  • In August at least 64 workers die when a river bridge in central China collapses as they are completing its construction.

Although any accident should be avoided, the life toll of these accidents is extremely small when compared to natural accidents (hurricane, earthquake, flooding) or other road accidents.

The main reason for Structural Health Monitoring therefore remains the efficient and effective maintenance of structures. The increased safety of an SHM system is certainly a welcome added bonus.

Book Announcement

A new book entitled "Structural Health Monitoring Systems", a joint project between Jacob Egede Andersen (COWI) and Mario Fustinino (Futurtec), has now been published.

A sample of the book and it's table of content can be fond here. The authors also have set up a website: http://www.shms.dk/

Bridge Safety News Report


An interesting article about bridge safety and conditions in Minnesota was published by http://www.twincities.com/ under the title "Minnesota's eyes are on I-35W bridge, but look again
Across state, lesser-known spans deteriorate, wait for replacement
" By Jason Hoppin.


A few interesting quotes:

"When the 2008 legislative session convenes, lawmakers are expected to debate funding for the I-35W rebuild and the timeline for finishing the Wakota Bridge between South St. Paul and Newport. But how legislators address these lesser-known bridges is likely to say much more about how serious the Capitol is about fixing Minnesota's ailing infrastructure. "


"With over 200 bridges, even if they have a 50-year life, we need to replace four or five a year," Forsberg said. "We clearly are not meeting our needs."


"Sufficiency ratings are based on a complicated formula to determine a bridge's relative worth as a piece of infrastructure. Structures are ranked on a scale of 0-100. The breakdown of the factors used in computing the ratings:
-- 55 percent: bridge condition
-- 30 percent: serviceability and obsolescence
-- 15 percent: essentiality to the public "


Unfortunately bridge condition, the most important parameter, is only evaluated by visual inspection and in some cases through an engineering analysis on paper. Real and quantitative data from the bridge would obviously improve re reliability of the rating and in many cases improve it.

Friday, December 14, 2007

ISHMII News

PRof. Aftab Mufti, president of ISHMII has reported on the main news concrning ISHMII and the SHMII-3 conference:

We have elected three members to the council , The Council members elected were Dr. Fritz Brunner, Dr. Alessandro De Stefano, and Dr. You Lin Xu. Also, ISHMII membership confirmed the new council. A list of the council members names is attached.

The council elected two new Vice Presidents. The Vice-Presidents elected were Dr. Farhad Ansari and Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Habel. The ISHMII Council also confirmed the new executive committee. The list of the present executive committee members is attached. Please note that Dr. Farhad Ansari has agreed to be the secretary of the ISHMII Executive Committee. I am very thankful to him for accepting this responsibility.

I am pleased to report that over 250 participants representing 22 countries attended the Third International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-3), November 13-16, 2007, Vancouver, Canada. An excellent technical program was planned, as well as an entertaining social agenda. Highlights of the conference was a workshop on Civil Engineering Education Reform and a plenary session on the U.S. Federal Highways Administration Long Term Bridge Performance Program. A short course took place on Implementing Structural Monitoring in Bridge Management and Maintenance Practices, for which over 30 participants attended.

Prof. Urs Meier will chair the organizing committee for the Fourth International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, to take place in Zurich, Switzerland in November 2009.

Prof. Alessandro De Stefano is organizing an ISHMII workshop on weigh in motion to take place in Sicily, Italy in September 2008. This will be the second in a series of workshops which are planned to take place every second year, commencing with the workshop on Civil Structural Health Monitoring which took place in Hawaii in 2004. The objective of these workshops is to focus on specific issues of current interest. Approximately 40 to 60 targeted participants will be invited to participate.

Dr. Baidar Bakht reported that 12 papers had been selected as finalists for the JMBT Structures Research Inc. Best Paper Award at SHMII-3. Awards Committee members judged the paper presentations throughout the conference and the winner were announced at the banquet on Friday evening. Two prizes of $500 US each were awarded for the following papers:

a) Best Paper in SHM Applications to Daniele Inaudi and Branko Glisic for their paper on “Distributed Fibre-Optic Sensing for Long-Range Monitoring of Pipelines”

b) Best Paper in SHM Research to Shuji Umemoto, Noriyuki Miyamoto, Takuji Okamoto, Takefumi Hara, Keita Kubota, and Yozo Fujino for their paper on “Verification of a High-Accuracy and Noncontact Measurement System FSF Laser Optical Coordinates”

It was decided that the Advisory Committee would be dissolved, which would allow the Executive Committee to play a stronger role in the organization.

The Standing Committees and Task Groups of the Society were confirmed as follows:

Standing Committees:
· Technology Transfer, Education and Training – Chair: Prof. Tripp Shenton
· SHM Applications – Chair: Dr. Paul Sumitro

Task Groups:
· Non-Destructive Testing - Chair: Dr. Sreenivas Alampalli
· Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshops - Chair: Dr. Farhad Ansari
· Data Mining - Chair: Dr. Dean McNeill
· Vibration Based Monitoring - Chair: Prof. James Brownjohn
· Global Reform of Civil Engineering Education - Chair: Dr. Emin Aktan
· SHM Systems for Civil Infrastructure Safety - Chair: Prof. Yozo Fujino
· Strategic Roadmap for the Advancement of SHM - Chair: Dr. Steven Chase

Criteria for the establishment of awards for Best SHM Project, Best Ph.D. Thesis and Best Paper Published in “The Monitor” are currently being developed.

The next issue of “The Monitor” newsletter will be published in January 2008 and will include two peer reviewed articles and highlights of the SHMII-3 conference.

Friday, December 7, 2007

Dynamic Bridge testing for high speed line


An interesting test was recently conducted on a Rail viaduct over the Sesia river in Italy.

The aim of the monitoring was to study the constructive typologies and their details subject to fatigue loading. For this application 8 SOFO sensors with a length of 1 meters were installed to monitor the dynamic response of the bridge when a high speed train across the viaduct.

Data was acquired at 1KHz rate during the passing of several trains at high speeds.

Thanks to the use of the SOFO Dynamic data acquisition system, it is possible to record high-speed events with a strain resolution down to 0.01 microstrain.

The test was performed under the guidance of Prof. DeRoek from the University of Leuven in Belgium, in the framework of a European project on steel structures.

Thursday, December 6, 2007

POLYTECT - Polyfunctional Technical Textiles against Natural Hazards


Textile structures are extensively used in construction in forms of geotextiles for the reinforcement of earthworks and drainage. The retrofitting of existing masonry walls and soil structures gains more and more importance especially in connection with earthquake protection of historic buildings and protection of roads and railroads embankments against landslides.
Hence the necessity arises to develop efficient methods for the retrofitting of existing masonry buildings and earthworks and of related monitoring systems to possibly alert/prevent the structural damage, for the planning of the maintenance works, for the evaluation of the structural integrity. More recently composites reinforced with technical textiles have been used for the retrofitting and reinforcement of constructions, in particular for the seismic reinforcement. The possibility to perform additional and different functions at the same time would further stimulate the adoption of such techniques.
Therefore the broader aim of POLYTECT is the development of new multifunctional textile structures for application in construction for the retrofitting of masonry structures and earthworks.
This project is partially funded by European Community under the "Integrated Research project for SME" programme.

Tuesday, December 4, 2007

IN SITU MONITORING OF MONUMENTAL SURFACES

CNR - ICVBC, Florence, Italy organizes an International Workshop on
IN SITU MONITORING OF MONUMENTAL SURFACES – SMW08

t will be held in Florence on 27-29 October 2008

The aim of the Workshop is to illustrate the ultimate state of the art of portable diagnostic technologies for monitoring cultural heritage and their general and specific uses. The Conference will provide a forum for scientists, technicians and experts in the field scheduled maintenance, in conjunction with representatives of SMEs producing and/or trading diagnostic portable devices.As the number of oral speakers is limited we highly suggest you to pre-register yourself and submit, as soon as possible, the Abstract Form to the Scientific Secretariat. Remember that deadline for the submission of the abstract is February 15th 2008.

Secretariat:
In situ Monitoring of Monumental Surfaces - SMW08
Istituto per la Conservazione e la Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali - CNR
Via Madonna del Piano, 10
50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Phone: +39 055 5225484
www.surfacemonitor.eu

Monday, December 3, 2007

Fiber Sensors used for Dynamic Pile testing

In a recent project carried out in the UK by ITM (Instrumentation, Testing & Monitoring) in cooperation with SMARTEC, a dynamic test on a pile was carried out.

Two concrete piles of 14m were tested, while instrumented with 4 SOFO sensors each.

SOFO Dynamic reading unit was used to perform both statnamic and dynamic tests. The aim of this project, was to validate the quality of SOFO Dynamic measurements for concrete pile monitoring. Tests on concrete pile are usually performed using traditional sensors such as accelerometer and theodolite to measure vertical displacements of the piles. The first aim of this project is to demonstrate that using optical fiber is a more suitable way to perform pile monitoring, by providing long-gauge readings all along the pile.
The results were very positive and will be published here in the future.

Geotechnical Instrumentation for Field Measurements


A short course on Geotechnical Instrumentation for Field Measurements will be held in Delft (Netherlands) on 15-17 January 2008.


Topics include:



  • overview of state-of-the-art and innovative instruments

  • up-to-date methods for automatic acquisition of data

  • aspect of tunnel and dam monitoring

  • high requirements for instrumentation offshore

  • systematic planning of risk-driven monitoring programs

  • geotechnical baseline reporting

  • workshop on planning a monitoring program.

Thursday, November 29, 2007

Halifax Metro Center Monitoring



The Halifax Metro Center has been instrumented with Fiber Optic sensors and a robotic Laser distance meter to monitor its deformations under snow loads and during concerts that require hanging of equipment under the roof.

The monitoring system is permanent and provides data in quasi-real time.

The project is a cooperation between SMARTEC SA and the MacDonnel Group in Halifax.

More details about the project can be found here:

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Updated SMARTEC website


The SMARTEC website was updated.


It is now possible to view Case Study on different past applications, organized by sector.


Monday, November 26, 2007

SHMII Short Course


At the recent SHMII-3 conference, I was invited to speak at the Workshop : Implementing Structural Monitoring in Bridge Management and Maintenance Practices

My presentation was entitle Implemented SHM Practices to Support Bridge Management Decisions and you can see it here.


The other presentations ca be found here.

Friday, November 23, 2007

Structural Health Monitoring Journal Vol 6, No. 3

Here is the table of content of the latest issue of the Structural Health Monitoring Journal :

Zhao-Dong Xu and Zhishen Wu
Simulation of the Effect of Temperature Variation on Damage Detection in a Long-span Cable-stayed Bridge
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 177-189.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

Zhan-Sheng Guo
Strain and Temperature Monitoring of Asymmetric Composite Laminate using FBG Hybrid Sensors
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 191-197.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

Luke S. Lee, Vistasp M. Karbhari, and Charles Sikorsky
Structural Health Monitoring of CFRP Strengthened Bridge Decks Using Ambient Vibrations
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 199-214.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

Gang Niu, Jong-Duk Son, Achmad Widodo, Bo-Suk Yang, Don-Ha Hwang, and Dong-Sik Kang
A Comparison of Classifier Performance for Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor using Multi-type Signals
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 215-229.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

Soheil Saadat, Gregory D. Buckner, and Mohammad N. Noori
Structural System Identification and Damage Detection using the Intelligent Parameter Varying Technique: An Experimental Study
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 231-243.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

Ramana M. Pidaparti
Structural Corrosion Health Assessment using Computational Intelligence Methods
Structural Health Monitoring 2007 6: 245-259.
[Abstract] [PDF] [References]

IABSE Pubblication on Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges

IABSE has recently published an interesting book on Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges.

The fifty years of experience of construction of cable-stayed bridges since their establishment as a new category among the classical types have brought an immense progress, ranging from design and conception to materials, analysis, construction, observation and retrofitting. The growing construction of cable-stayed bridges has also triggered researchers’ and designers’ attention to the problem of cable vibrations. Intensive research has been developed all over the world during the last two decades as a consequence of the numerous cases of cable vibrations exhibited by all types of cable-stayed bridges. Despite the increased knowledge of the various vibration phenomena, most of the outcomes and research results have been published in journals and conference proceedings and scarce information is currently provided by the existing recommendations and codes.
The book provides a comprehensive survey on the governing phenomena of cable vibration, both associated with direct action of wind and rain: buffeting, vortex-shedding, wake effects, rain-wind vibration; and resulting from the indirect excitation through anchorage oscillation: external and parametric excitation. Methodologies for assessment of the effects of those phenomena are presented and illustrated by practical examples. Control of cable vibrations is then discussed and state-of-art results on the design of passive control devices are presented.
The book is complemented with a series of case reports reflecting the practical approach shared by experienced designers and consultants: Yves Bournand (VSL International), Chris Geurts (TNO), Carl Hansvold (Johs. Holt), Allan Larsen (Cowi) and Randall Poston (WDP & Associates).
Order Form
188 pages, in English
Structural Engineering Documents 9Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed BridgesElsa de Sa Caetano
ISBN 978-3-85748-115-4Format: 170 x 240 mmPublished October 2007
Price:IABSE Members: CHF 40.-Non-Members: CHF 70.-

Wednesday, November 21, 2007

ISHMII Best Paper Award


I am honored to report that the ISHMII Best Paper Award, was awarded to our group at the SHMII-3 Conference recently held in Vancouver, Canada.

The prestigious prize was awarded for the paper entitled "Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing for Long-Range Monitoring of Pipelines" by Daniele Inaudi and Branko Glisic.

We are grateful to the SHMII-3 scientific committee for having selected our paper among the more than 200 submitted paper.

Monday, November 19, 2007

New ISHMII Concil Members and Vice Presidents

During the SHMII-3 conference, new concil members and Vice Presidents were elected.

New Council Members:
  • Fritz Brunner
  • Alessandro De Stefano
  • You Lin Xu

New Vice Presidents:

  • Wolfgang Habel
  • Farhad Ansari

New ISHMII Fellows

At the SHMII-3 banquet, Dr. Aftab Mufti, president of ISHMII, announced the election of the first fellows of the ISHMII Society:
Dr. Emin Aktan
Dr. Farhad Ansari
Dr. Baidar Bakht
Dr. Yozo Fujino
Dr. Jan-Ming Ko
Dr. Urs Meier
Dr. Emin Aktan, Dr. Yozo Fujino, Dr. Jan-Ming Ko and Dr. Urs Meier are the founding members of the society. At a meeting at EMPA in Switzerland on 24 July 2003, the International Group on the Structural Health Monitoring was established. The objectives and work plan of the Group were established. Eventually the Group agreed to form the ISHMII society.

Dr. Farhad Ansari, chair of the advisory committee of the ISHMII council, has devoted a great deal of time and effort to help in the establishment of our Society. His help has been invaluable in organizing ISHMII and ensuring that we meet our goals.

Dr. Baidar Bakht has made tremendous contributions in Canada to ensure that SHM has become a part of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. This particular development will lead to ISHMII being very active and strong in Canada.

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Confederation bridge monitoring


During the SHMII workshop on "Implementing Structural Health Monitoring in Bridge Management and Maintenance Practice", Mr McGinn gave a fascianting presentation on the monitoring of the Confederation Bridge in New Brunswick, Canada (http://www.confederationbridge.com/).

The SHM system has been in service for 10 years and has provided information on the ageing of the bridge, confirming the design assumptions. The monitoring system has also been used to quantify the impact of extreme events on the bridge, which is the longest bridge in teh world over iced water.

Steve Chase Opening Lecture

In the opening session of the SHMII conference in Vancouver, Dr. Steve Chase, recently retired from Federal Highway Administration in USA (FHWA) has delivered a eye-opening talk entitled "Why is Intelligent Infrastructure Needed?".
Dr. Chase explained that there are currently 597'000 highway bridges in the US and that about 50'000 of them are currently classified as Load deficient, meaning that they do not correspond to the load that should be allowed on them. All of these "deficient" bridges were declared so on the base of visual inspection and mathematical analysis and only a handful (less than 10) have actually been load rated through a load test.
With the current inspection practice, vulnerability and reliability are not addresses and most damage and deterioration processes cannot be addressed by visual inspection alone. No information on the long-term performance of foundations is collected, since these cannot usually be inspected.
To improve bridge management and safety, more information is therefore needed. Technology is available to complement the current inspection practices, but not widely used since it is unproven and not mandatory.
Intelligent Infrastructures would enhance the ability of detecting unsafe conditions and to quantify the bridge performance in the long term.

To address these issues, FHWA has launched the "Long Term Bridge Performance Program", managed by Hamid Ghasemi. The program is currently evaluating proposals to select the prime contractor.

SHMII Conference Venues

In the recent ISHMII meeting it was decided that the following congresses will be organized in the following venues:

July 2009: Zurich, ETHZ, organized by Prof. Maier at EMPA
2011: Mexico, dates and location to be confirmed
2013: A call for proposal has been opened and a decision will be taken in 2009 in Zurich. Proposed venues include Washington (USA) and Hong-Kong.

Tuesday, November 13, 2007

Ship Hull Monitoring

Smartec SA, a has provided, in conjunction with the Italian Company Pegaso Systems S.r.l., a
structural monitoring system, solely based on fiber optic technology, for the tanker ship “Four Island”. The system has been installed during the recent refurbishment works of the ship in Vinashin shipyard (Vietnam).

The “Four Island” ship is an oil tanker (approx. 100’000 tons of gross tonnage) which is now equipped with a ship hull structural monitoring system consisting of 48 fiber optic SMARTprofile MuST sensors expressly developed by Smartec and Pegaso Systems S.r.l. for this new application. In fact, this is the first fiber optic monitoring system in the world, totally designed and integrated in an operating ship of this size.
Over the years, Smartec has instrumented many civil and industrial structures, but this is the first time that we have provided a monitoring system expressly developed and dedicated to a naval application. Our systems will contribute to real-time diagnosis of the ship structural
behaviour, with particular reference to critical points and sections of the ship frame. We expect this technology to be used on many other aging and new ships around the world.
Here is the full Press Release.

Monday, November 12, 2007

Bridge Safety by Lexus

Here is the short documentary on bridge safety.



It is presented by Lexus, directed by Danny T of Boxer and features an interview of myself and Prof Christian Menn.

Thursday, November 8, 2007

IABSE Annual Meeting 2008


The IABSE congress on
will be held in Chicago, USA, on September 17-19, 2008.


The Congress covers the following topics:



1. Design Challenges


Adaptive reuse and sustainability of structures
Affordable urban environments and infrastructure
New techniques for analysis, design and construction
Progressive failure, robustness, security, seismic retrofitting, and serviceability


2. Learning from Experience


Techniques for evaluating structures
Strengthening and upgrading
Forensics/failures and lessons learned
Criteria for assessment and risk management


3. Creative Design and Construction Processes


Role of building information modeling and I.C.T in design and construction
New materials and technologies for design and construction
Engineering ethics
Means and methods (ways and means) of construction


4. Engineering as a Global Profession


Codes and standards
Economic effect on design and construction
Post-disaster response
Educational approaches in a dynamic world


Important Dates



30 November 2007: Deadline for receipt of abstracts
31 December 2007: Notification of acceptance of papers
29 February 2008: Deadline for receipt of papers
31 March 2008: Mailing of Final Invitation
31 May 2008: Notification of acceptance of papers
1 July 2008: Close of early registration and notification of type of presentation
14-16 September 2008: IABSE Annual Meetings
17-19 September 2008: IABSE Congress


Wednesday, November 7, 2007

Monitoring a large building fleet


More than 2000 fiber optic sensors have been installed in the framework of a building fleet monitoring project, which is probably the largest worldwide. SMARTEC and SOFOTEC have been working together since September 2000 as partners for structural health monitoring projects for public housings in Singapore.

Singapore is a cosmopolitan city-state often described as a gateway to Asia with a city landscape of tall buildings. The Singapore's public housing authority has an impressive record of providing high standard public housing for Singaporeans through a comprehensive building program. As part of a continual improvement program for the newly build residential buildings, long-term structural health monitoring has been initiated. The monitoring is to be performed during the whole lifespan of the buildings, from construction and throughout the service life. The aims of monitoring are:


  1. to increase the knowledge concerning the real structural behavior,

  2. to control the construction process,

  3. to increase the safety during the service,

  4. to enhance maintenance activities

  5. to evaluate the structural condition after events such as tremor, unexpected weather conditions or terrorists acts.


“It is the first time that the SOFO® fiber optic sensor systems have been used for life cycle monitoring of a large-scale park of high-rise buildings. Besides providing the sensors, SMARTEC also contributed by developing a complete monitoring program, including engineering solutions, data analysis and the software for data interpretation” said Nicoletta Casanova, CEO of SMARTEC. “Our fiber optic systems will contribute to everyone’s safety and peace of mind by monitoring and detecting any anomalies or degradation of the buildings. After a dramatic event, such as an earthquake, people can rapidly be reassured about the safety of their homes and return to their normal lives. We expect this technology to be used on many other buildings worldwide”, she added.
“The top priority of SOFOTEC business philosophy is to fulfill our customer’s needs. We aim not just to provide a system, but a solution to our customers. We have been working very closely together with our customers to resolve any obstacles”, said KP Kwan, Sales & Marketing Director of SOFOTEC and he further emphasized that the foresight and continual efforts of the public housing authority in providing quality housing by exploiting latest building technologies plays a vital role. “Together with the committed supports from SMARTEC, we will jointly make our structural health monitoring application for residential buildings in Singapore a landmark project in the world”, he added.


The main objectives and initial results of this large project can be found in this paper: "Long-term monitoring of high-rise buildings using long-gage fiber optic sensors", B. Glisic, D. Inaudi, J.M. Lau, Y.C. Mok, C.T. Ng,7th International conference on multi-purpose high-rise towers and tall buildings, Dubai, UAM, December 10-11'(2005)


Monday, November 5, 2007

4th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring

The 4th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring will be held on 2-4 July 2008 in Cracow.
This is the fourth in a series of bi-annual European Workshops, following Cachan (France 2002), Munich (Germany, 2004) and Granada (Spain, 2006).
The conference will cover activities related to:
  • damage detection and evaluation in engineering structures,
  • signal processing,
  • sensor development,
  • analytical techniques and experimental case studies.

Among the various fields of research oriented towards the development of smart materials and structures, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is particularly promising. SHM has attracted significant attention in recent years for its wide potential of applications, especially for civil infrastructures, aircraft and aerospace vehicles.

The extended abstract submission deadline is November 16, 2007.

Here is the official conference website

Smart Bridge in NY state

A bridge in Colton, N.Y., is the site of an effort to find better tools and methods for monitoring the structural integrity of the nation’s highway and road bridges.

Prof. Kerop Janoyan, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Clarkson University has instrumented it with a number of wireless sensors to monitor its response to traffic loading.

Here is an article from the New York Times on the project.
The article also mentions other NDT techniques, like ground penetrating radar. It is encouraging that the media is still keeping their interest high on SHM and bridge safety.

Wednesday, October 31, 2007

Bridge Monitoring in Downtown Moskow

The Bolshoj Moskvoretsky Bridge over the Moskva-river was built in 1936-37 by a famous Soviet architect, A. Shjusev. It is situated in the historical centre of Moscow, next to the Kremlin, and leads one of the main traffic lines of the city to the Red Square. The bridge has a status of “functioning architectural heritage” protected by the state.

The bridge has been in strumented with fiber optic sensors with the aim of increasing the knowledge concerning structural behavior and help preserve this historic landmark.
Standard SOFO sensors have been installed to continuously monitor average strain along the arch, curvature in both horizontal and vertical direction. Thermocouples have been installed to distinguish thermal influences.

More details can be found in this case study and this paper

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Engineering Structural Health

I have received an interesting link to workshop proceedings:

PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL HEALTH (PDF)
Sponsored by
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Edited by
SREENIVAS ALAMPALLI & MOHAMMED ETTOUNEY
Held on May 16-17, 2002

The Engineering Structural Health workshop brought representatives from infrastructure owners and government officials, practicing engineers, academia, and sensor/equipment manufacturers together to discuss the current state of structural health engineering. The goal of the workshop was to increase communication between the groups involved in this field as well as review necessary aspects of successful bridge infrastructure condition assessment.

The proceeding include an interesting discussion on the owners needs in therms of bridge SHM.

Monday, October 29, 2007

14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (14WCEE)

The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (14WCEE) will be held in Beijing, China on October 12-17th 2008 and wil serve as an international forum at which specialists, government officials and NGO representatives in earthquake engineering and relevant fields may exchange the latest research results and technologies. The Conference strives to promote innovation, practice and safety in reducing the impact of earthquakes on our society and natural environment.

Important dates:
Deadline forAbstract Submission: October 31, 2007
Acceptance Notification: January 1, 2008
Paper Submission: May 1, 2008
Early Registration: May 1, 2008

International Pipeline Conference (IPC) 2008

The International Pipeline Conference (IPC) 2008 will be held September 29 – October 3, 2008 at The Hyatt Regency Hotel & The TELUS Convention Centre, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The Call for Papers is open with details available on the IPC 2008 Web site at: www.InternationalPipelineConference.com. Abstracts can now be submitted online at: https://www.asmeconferences.org/IPC08/Author/NewAbstract.cfm.

Remember to submit your abstracts on or before December 3, 2007.

Friday, October 26, 2007

Bridge Safety in the News

I used Google Trends to see what impact the bridge collapse in Minneapolis had.


Here is the picture of the number of references to the term "Bridge Safety" in the news over the last 12 months:




As you can see there is a big spike at the end of July and it levels off after about one month. The good news is that the residual level is still above zero, so there seem to be some interest left after the big sensation.

I was myself caught in the maelstrom of the news. CBS News came to Switzerland for a story and interview (see a transcript and two videos on the CBS website). We were also interviewed by several journals in Switzerland, Germany and USA.

SHM Professions

A student has asked me to point out which courses he should take, if he is interested in working in Structural Health Monitoring in the future.

SHM is a very multidisciplinary field that requires a close cooperation between professionals of different fields. A true SHM professional should therefore be a generalist, who knows enough about the different technologies and professions that revolve around SHM. This will enable him to interface to the specialist in each field and help them interact effectively in a specific SHM project. Another choice is to become a specialist in one of those fields and work as part of an SHM team.

Here is a list of professions and specialities that I consider as central for SHM.

Engineering
  • Civil, Geotechnical, Aerospace, Structural, Automotive, Pipeline Engineering
  • Theory of Materials
  • Material Science
  • Finite Element Analysis
  • System Identification (data analysis)
  • Risk Analysis

Measurement

  • Data Acquisition Systems
  • Sensors (electrical, fiber optics, piezo materials,...)
  • Geodesy
  • Fundamentals of Measurement Theory and Errors

Data

  • Database Management
  • Telecommunications
  • Data Mining and Analysis
  • Human Interface Design
  • Web publishing

Business and People

  • Business Administration
  • Project Management
  • Team Management

SHM Journals

Here is a list of Journals that feature papers related to SHM.

I will keep an eye on those journals and point to new issues and interesting papers.

If you know any other interesting journal in this domain, please leave a comment.

Here's my list:

Thursday, October 25, 2007

SHM Books


I was asked to recommend books about SHM.

Here is a list of my personal picks. Since my interest lies mostly with civil engineering applications and fiber optic sensors, I have concentrated mostly on those topics.

About SHM:

About Fiber Optic Sensing for SHM:

Conferences (proceedings):
  • SHMII Conferences, organized by ISHMII
  • IABMAS Conferences
  • SPIE Conference series on Smart Structures and Materials
Please post a Comment if you want to point to other interesting ones:

Pipeline Monitoring

The recent pipeline conference in Rio de Janerio (Brazil), registered once again a big interest in the instrumentation of pipelines for structural monitoring and leakage detection.
The management of pipelines presents challenges that are quite unique. Their long length, high value, high risk and often difficult access conditions, require continuous monitoring and an optimization of the maintenance interventions. The main concern for pipeline owners comes from possible leakages that can have a severe impact on the environment and put the pipeline out of service for repair. Leakages can have different causes, including excessive deformations caused by earthquakes, landslides or collisions with ship anchors, corrosion, wear, material flaws or even intentional damaging.
Leakages can be detected and localized using distributed fiber optic temperature sensors. Fluid pipelines generate an hot-spot at the location of the leak, while gas pipelines generate a cold-spot due to the gas pressure relaxation.
These localized thermal anomalies can be detected by a distributed measurement with good spatial, time and temperature resolution. Typically, leakages of the order of 0.01 - 0.1% are detectable, one or two order of magnitude lower than conventional "mass-balance" techniques that compare the input and output from a pipeline to detect (but not accurately localize) leakages.
Furthermore, it is often possible to detect damage before a critical state is reached. Measuring distributed strain it is possible to determine the increased stresses due to external actions such as landslides and earthquakes or to internal causes such as a reduction of cross-section due to
corrosion and wear. Finally, distributed temperature and strain monitoring can detect third party intrusion before any damage is done to the pipeline.
Fiber optic distributed sensing systems can be used for distributed measurements of both strain and temperature over extremely long distances, limiting the number of instruments that are necessary to monitor a long pipeline.

A couple references on this topic:


I will report on the presentations at the Rio Pipeline Conference in another post.

Wednesday, October 24, 2007

SHMII-3 Conference in Vancouver



The upcoming The 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-3) conference will be one of the most important events for SHM this year. It will be held on
November 13-16, 2007 at the Fairmont Waterfront HotelVancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Please visit the conference website for more information: http://www.isiscanada.com/shmii-3/index.htm

The conference will have sessions on these topics:
  • Smart wireless or other advanced sensors
  • Field applications
  • Data acquisition, processing and management
  • SHM of Heritage Structures
  • Damage identification and localization
  • Model updating, safety evaluation and reliability forecast
  • Damage control, repair and strengthening
  • Life-cycle performance-based design
  • Smart materials and structures
  • Global positioning system (GPS) and related systems for wind and earthquake hazard mitigation of civil infrastructure
  • Remote monitoring systems
  • Integrated systems and implementations of SHM
  • Design guidelines and codes of SHM
  • Standardization of SHM systems
  • Non-destructive evaluation/testing


Special Sessions will be held on:

  • Monitoring of Marine and Harbour Structures
  • Structural Health Monitoring and Bridge Security
  • Structural Identification of Constructed Systems
  • Inverse Problems in Bridge Management
  • SHM of GEO-Tech Problems
  • Structural Analysis and Reliability Assessment
  • Wireless Sensing
  • Long Term Bridge Performance Program

Short Courses will be offered on:

  • Implementing Structural Monitoring in Bridge Management and Maintenance Practices (Tuesday, Nov. 13th)
  • Civil Engineering Education Reform (Friday, November 16th)

I will be presenting papers in the session in bold. I plan to blog from the conference to give updates on the most interesting papers and presentaitons.

There will also be an exhibit with the following companies exhibiting:

ISIS Canada Research Network
Micron Optics
SMARTEC SA / Roctest (I will be at this booth)
FiberSensing
OZ Optics
Vienna Consulting Engineers
MacDonnell Group
Physical Acoustics Corporation
Wardrop Engineering

I will report about new products announcements during the conference.

See you there!

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

New Book Announcement


Here is a new book I am co-authoring with Branko Glisic.
It will be published by Wiley in December 2007. Here is a link to the Wiley page.

The book introduces the broad realm of structural health monitoring, with a thorough discussion of SHM systems, processes, and management tools. It continues with the main focus of the book Fibre-Optic Deformation sensors, their application and interpretation, covering areas such as the mechanical parameters to be monitored – deformations, displacements, rotations, cracks openings, curvatures, with in depth discussions of how to achieve the monitoring aims, how to make data interpretation depending on the construction material, and discusses what numerical concepts and formulas to use in order to properly analyse the data. Overall the Book is organised so that it can be used as a step-by-step guide to implement a monitoring system and includes numerous application examples on the most common types of structures, such as building, bridges, historical monuments, piles, dams, tunnels, pipelines, risers, and off-shore structures, and their most frequently monitored parameters.
I hope that the readers of this blog will find the book interesting and vice-versa. From time to time, I will discuss topics from the book and I encourage interested readers to use this blog as a forum to discuss the ideas presented in the book.

Welcome

Welcome to SHM Blog.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a process aimed at providing accurate and in-time information concerning structural condition and performance. This is obtained by installing a network of sensors on the structure and continuously observe its behavior. The information obtained from monitoring is used to plan and design maintenance activities, increase the safety, verify hypotheses, reduce uncertainty and to widen the knowledge concerning the structure being monitored. SHM concepts can be applied to a variety of structures, including bridges, buildings, dams, tunnels, pipelines, platforms, ships, aircrafts and vehicles.

In this blog, I will cover Structural Health Monitoring Technologies and Applications.

In particular I will report on relevant conferences and publications and report on interesting research and applications in this domain.

I will also discuss applications of SHM to different types of structures and provide examples from my professional experience in this field.

The SHM Blog will also report on industry news, product announcements and other corporate news.

I welcome any suggestion on how to make this Blog more useful for you.

Daniele Inaudi